Touchscreens on smartphones work through a technology called capacitive sensing. The screen is made up of multiple layers, with a layer of capacitive material covering the glass surface. When you touch the screen, your finger creates an electrical charge that disrupts the screen's electrostatic field. This change in the electrical field is detected by the sensors in the corners of the screen, allowing the phone to determine the exact location of the touch. The capacitive touch technology allows for multi-touch gestures, such as pinch-to-zoom, swiping, and tapping. It is more accurate and responsive compared to other touch technologies like resistive touchscreens. Additionally, capacitive touchscreens are more durable and have better image clarity as they do not require pressure to register a touch. The advancements in capacitive sensing have revolutionized the way we interact with our smartphones, making them more intuitive and user-friendly for everyday tasks.