Red Giants and Supergiants:When a star runs out of hydrogen fuel, things get interesting. Small to medium-sized stars, like our Sun, start to expand—BIG TIME. They become Red Giants. These stars puff up, growing so large they might even swallow nearby planets! Despite their size, they start to cool down, giving off a reddish glow.But for massive stars, it is even crazier. These giants become Red Super-giants, much bigger and brighter than Red Giants. They are like the rock-stars of space, living fast and dying dramatically.The Dramatic End:So, what happens when a star finally burns out? That depends on how massive it is!White Dwarf: If the star is on the smaller side, like our Sun, it will shrink down into a tiny, dense object called a White Dwarf. It is super small, but still hot and glowing. Eventually, it will cool off and become a Black Dwarf, a star that is completely out of energy.Supernova: If the star is huge, we get one of the most spectacular events in the universe—a Supernova! This is a massive explosion that blasts the star’s outer layers into space. It’s so bright, it can outshine entire galaxies for a short time!Neutron Star or Black Hole: After a supernova, what’s left of the star can become one of two things. If it’s still pretty big, it becomes a Neutron Star, a super-dense object made of tightly packed neutrons. But if it’s truly massive, gravity takes over and crushes the star into a Black Hole—an object so powerful that not even light can escape!