The Black Death was the second great natural disaster to strike Europe during the Late Middle Ages (the first one being the Great Famine of 1315–1317) and is estimated to have killed 30% to 60% of the European population, as well as approximately 33% of the population of the Middle East.[14][15][16] There were further outbreaks throughout the Late Middle Ages and, also due to other contributing factors (the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages), the European population did not regain its 14th century level until the 16th century.[a][17] Outbreaks of the plague recurred around the world until the early 19th century.NamesEuropean writers contemporary with the plague described the disease in Latin as pestis or pestilentia, 'pestilence'; epidemia, 'epidemic'; mortalitas, 'mortality'.[18] In English prior to the 18th century, the event was called the pestilence or great pestilence, the plague or the great death.[18][19][20] Subsequent to the pandemic the furste moreyn (first murrain) or first pestilence was applied, to distinguish the mid-14th century phenomenon from other infectious diseases and epidemics of plague.[18]The 1347 pandemic plague was not referred to specifically as black in the time of occurrence in any European language, though the expression black death had occasionally been applied to fatal disease beforehand.[18] Black death was not used to describe the plague pandemic in English until the 1750s; the term is first attested in 1755, where it translated Danish: den sorte død, lit. 'the black death'.[18][21] This expression as a proper name for the pandemic had been popularized by Swedish and Danish chroniclers in the 15th and early 16th centuries, and in the 16th and 17th centuries was transferred to other languages as a calque: Icelandic: svarti dauði, German: der schwarze Tod, and French: la mort noire.[22][23] Previously, most European languages had named the pandemic a variant or calque of the Latin:T